Electrical Illumination Tutorials and Its Engineering Definition

Light 

The light is defined as the energy radiated in the form of waves which produces the sensation of vision to the eyes. It may be natural light from sun or the artificial from the means created by human beings.

Lumen

It is the unit of luminous flux and is defined as the luminous flux emitted per unit solid angle by a point source of one candle power.

Brightness 

The brightness is defined as the luminous intensity per unit projected area of either a source of light or reflecting surface. It is denoted by B and the unit is stib which is nothing but candle per centimeter squared, other unit is nit which is candle per meter squared.

Coefficient of Utilization

It is defined as the ratio of the lumens  actually received by a particular surface to the total lumens emitted by the luminous source. The coefficient of utilization or the utilizing factor is the total lumens actually received by the working plane per total lumens emitted by the light source.

Candle Power 

The candle power is the light radiating capacity of a source in a given direction. It is defined as the number of lumens given out by a source in a unit C.P. and one meter away from it.

Colour

The sensation of colour is due to the difference in the wavelengths of the light radiations. Visible light can have length between 4000 A to 7500 A and colour varies in the way.

Luminous Intensity

The luminous intensity in any given direction is the luminous flux emitted by a source per unit solid angle. It is represented by I and measured in candle power.

Luminous Flux 

It is the total quantity of light emitted by the source of light per second. It is represented by symbol O or F. It is measured in lumen. The total flux emitted by a source of I candle is 4 pi times I lumen where I is the luminous intensity of the source.

Some Characteristics of a good Illumination

1. The light source should not strike the eyes of the worker.
2. The type and size of the lamp should be correct.
3. Location should be proper.
4. Reflecting equipment should be suitable.

The Advantages of Correct Illumination

1. Factory production increases
2. Accidents decrease
3. Wastage of jobs decreases.

The sources of light is Three practicable ways of producing light are incandescent of heated filament  and electric are glow discharge.   Where the incandescent filament lamp is the light obtained by passing, current through a high resistance called the filament, this current being sufficient to raise the filament to luminosity. The filament is enclosed in an evacuated glass bulb. The object of the vacuum is first to prevent the filament burning away to reduce loss of heat by convection. The filament must be a conductor and must be capable of withstand a hight temperature.

World's Largest Electric Light Bulb

source

Facts all about the world largest, longest, biggest, and tallest bulb. Imagine if we have this in our home maybe we cannot afford to pay the monthly electric bill because of the high wattages.


World's Largest Light Bulb
The Thomas Edison Memorial Tower and Menlo Park Museum was built in 1937 to mark the "Birthplace of Recorded Sound" in the Menlo Park section of what is now the town of Edison.



Tallest Light bulb of Thomas Edison
It sits on top of the 117-foot concrete Memorial Tower, which was built in 1937 by Edison’s employees. It’s an homage to both the light bulb and another key Edison invention, the phonograph.A monumental replica of Edison’s first practical incandescent bulb, it’s nearly 14 feet of Pyrex glass segments.



Thomas Edison Longest Lasting Light Bulb
 Is the Centennial Light located at 4550 East Avenue, Livermore, California. It is maintained by the Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department. The fire department claims that the bulb is at least 109 years old and has only been turned off a handful of times.



Worlds Largest Lamps
These two lamps were made by General Electric to commemorate the 50th and 75th anniversaries of the invention of the light bulb, and are 50,000 and 75,000 Watts respectively. General Electric made this light bulb in celebration of the Golden Jubilee. the 50th anniversary of the invention of the Edison incandescent lamp.

Free Tutorial on Electricity Flourescent Lighting, Lamps, Bulb

The 100,000 watt Incandescent lamp
http://silenceisdefeat.org/~lgtngstk/Sites/Bigbulb/bigbulb.htm



An Electronic Ballast (Inverter) to Power HID Lamps from 12 Volts DC!
How The Circuit Works of An electronics Ballast inveter to power,Building The Circuit , The details on the rest of the parts required for this project are as follows:,This basic circuit is very versatile, not only for operating HID lamps or fluorescents, but a variety of other uses as well, with a few basic adaptations, to be outlined here..
http://members.tripod.com/~wvsp/light1.html


Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps
EXPERIMENT Electronic Ballast Electronic Ballast, Electronic Ballast, Energy distribution of an incandescent lamp. About 10% of the energy is converted to light.
http://www.ece.vt.edu/ece3354/labs/ballast.pdf



Incandescent light bulb
The incandescent light bulb or incandescent lamp is a source of artificial light that works by incandescence.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb



Halogen lamp
Is an incandescent lamp wherein a tungsten filament is sealed into a small transparent envelope filled with a halogen gas such as iodine or bromine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen_lamp


High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Working With Exotic Materials,this discharge lamp waited on the invention of a material which sodium would not corrode.
http://americanhistory.si.edu/lighting/tech/hps.htm



Halogen Bulb Types
Halogen Cycle, Halogen Diagram,Halogen vs Standard, Bulb Types, Bases
http://www.goodmart.com/facts/light_bulbs/halogen_bulb_types.aspx



Lava lamp
Is a novelty item typically used for decoration and ambience rather than illumination
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_lamp



LOW-PRESSURE MERCURY LAMPS
Is a highly efficient UV light source of short wavelength. Classified as in the same group as fluorescent lamps or germicidal
http://www.crystec.com/senlampe.htm


Metal Halide Lamps
A Life Story - Metal Halide Lamps, Metal Halide lamps however, such as the MSR and MSD lamps used in High End System's
http://www.highend.com/support/training/metalhalide.asp




Neon lamp
Is a gas discharge lamp containing primarily neon gas at low pressure
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_lamp




The Low Pressure Sodium Lamp
SOX lamps aregenerally employed in streetlighting applications, primarily because they are the most efficient light sources available This means that they deliver more lumens of light for each watt of power than any other type of lamp SOX installations.
http://www.lamptech.co.uk/Documents/SO1%20Introduction.htm



Purpose of a Ballast
Incandescent vs. Fluorescent Lamps, Ballast Function, Fluorescent lamps sold in the US today are available in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.
http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~instlab/Experiments/05_FlurLamp/Purpose%20of%20a%20Ballast.pdf


The Fluorescent Lighting System
Is a popular and efficient lighting system used worldwide.The Fluorescent Lighting System Overview, Components of the Fluorescent Lighting System,All about Fluorescent Lamps, Troubleshooting Fluorescent Lighting.
http://nemesis.lonestar.org/reference/electricity/fluorescent/index.html



Sulfur lamp
The light is distributed though light pipe for hundreds of feet, replacing hundreds of conventional fixtures.
http://members.misty.com/don/sulfbulb.html



Metal Halide Lamps
Available in warm white and cool white correlated color temperature, Low thermal output, Double-ended contacts allow for exact fixture alignment, Operate in enclosed fixtures
http://www.goodmart.com/pdfs/HID031.pdf